Mirror of Justice

A blog dedicated to the development of Catholic legal theory.
Affiliated with the Program on Church, State & Society at Notre Dame Law School.

Friday, December 8, 2006

Immaculate Conception, cont'd

Right after reading Rob's post about the Immaculate Conception and its meaning, I read this, by J. Peter Nixon, over at Commonweal's blog:

I’ve always sort of struggled with the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Reading descriptions of its development is sort of like reading a very complicated legal brief. Lots of talk about the “imputed merits of Christ,” the theology of Duns Scotus, and all that. Most of the time, I enjoy that sort of thing. But not today.

Today I’m thinking about mothers. One of the reasons that Mary is so important is that, in some sense, she is the guarantor of the humanity of Jesus. Jesus had a mother, just like all of us. Much of what Jesus became as a human being, he became because of his mother.

If you met me and got to know me for a while, and then met my mother, you would immediately see some of the traits that she passed down to me. I suspect that those who got to know Jesus, and then met Mary, had the same experience. Maybe it was her smile, maybe certain turns of phrase. Maybe Jesus inherited his fiery passion, his fearlessness from her. She must have been a formidable woman!

One of the ongoing temptations in Christianity has been to deny, sometimes without even meaning to, the humanity of Christ. A lot of us are still carrying around a mental image of a fleshy “costume” animated by an all-knowing, all-seeing deity. The idea that Jesus could have been shaped in some fundamental way by his human environment sometimes seems threatening. But that is precisely why the Incarnation is so stunning.

It doesn’t seem completely unreasonable to me that if God was going to become incarnate in human flesh, that he would do a little advance planning. And perhaps one of the things He might be most concerned about is the woman who would bear Him, who would shape Him and guide him to adulthood, a poor peasant girl from the Judean countryside. How would she ever have the strength to bear the burden that would be laid upon her?

The answer? He gave it to her.

Oh, I’m sure this is very poor theology and someone far more learned than I could poke numerous holes in it. But in some sense, I think this is what the dogma of the Immaculate Conception is all about: a son’s love for His mother.

Nice.  (I'm not a trained theologian, of course.  But I liked it.)

Wednesday, December 6, 2006

2006 Conference on Christian Legal Thought

Once again, the Lumen Christi Institute and the Law Professors Christian Fellowship are co-sponsoring a conference to be held in tandem with the AALS annual meeting.  This year's "Conference on Christian Legal Thought" looks great.  Here's the (MOJ-heavy!) line-up:

Modesty and the Limits of Law

David Skeel, University of Pennsylvania School of Law
Robert Cochran, Pepperdine University School of Law
Helen Alvare, Catholic University of America School of Law
John Breen, Loyola University Chicago School of Law

Law and Christian Feminism

Elizabeth Schiltz, University of St. Thomas School of Law
Susan Stabile, St. John University School of Law
Marie Failinger, Hamline University School of Law

Christian Legal Scholars and Scholarship

Kenneth Starr, Pepperdine University School of Law
Patrick Brennan, Villanova University School of Law

More information on times, dates, location, and registration is available here.

Court OKs San Francisco's attack on Holy See

From Howard Friedman:

Last March, Cardinal William Joseph Levada, head of the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a directive to the Archdiocese of San Francisco's social service agencies, instructing them to stop placing children in need of adoption with homosexual households. This led San Francisco's Board of Supervisors to pass a resolution calling for the Cardinal to withdraw his directive. The resolution said that it is "an insult to all San Franciscans when a foreign country, like the Vatican, meddles with and attempts to negatively influence this great City's existing and established customs and traditions such as the right of same-sex couples to adopt and care for children in need." Upset with that resolution, a Catholic civil rights group sued San Francisco, claiming that the resolution violates the Establishment Clause. The suit asked the court to enjoin the Board of Supervisors from criticizing and attacking religion and religious beliefs. (See prior postings 1, 2.)

On Thursday, in Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights v. City and County of San Francisco, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 86698 (ND CA, Nov. 30, 2006), relying in particular on a 2002 Ninth Circuit decision, a California federal district court dismissed the claim against the Board of Supervisors, finding that the Supervisors' Resolution has a secular purpose and effect. It also rejected the claim that the resolution constitutes excessive entanglement, saying that "it is merely the exercise of free speech rights by duly elected office holders."

Here is an earlier MOJ post on the dust-up.

School choice and religious equality lose in Maine

This is a bit late, but . . . the Supreme Court declined to review a "dispute over a Maine law that bars the use of public funds to send students to private religious schools."  The discriminatory treatment of religious schools and parents who choose them continues.  Sigh.

Here is an earlier post on the issue. 

Monday, December 4, 2006

The Freedom of the Church in China

Last week, the PRC, via the state-run "Patriotic" Catholic Church, installed a new bishop in Xuzhou, China.  Here is the statement from the Holy See, expressing regret over the ordination.  Here is the New York Times on the affair.  The Times informs us:

The Vatican asserts that it must control the selection of bishops, although it has allowed governments and dioceses to suggest possible candidates.

Although the mainland church does not take instructions from the Vatican, the Vatican has never declared a schism between itself and the churches in China. The Vatican has taken the position that the differences are political, and not differences of religious belief.

So worshipers and clergy members in the government-controlled mainland churches remain part of the communion of the faithful, as do those in underground churches on the mainland.

"Although the mainland church does not take instructions from the Vatican . . . ."  Classic.

Shame and Simpson

Law prof Stephanos Bibas (Penn) is quoted in this opinion piece in The Washington Post, "Abandoned OJ Project Shows Shame Still Packs a Punishing Punch."  Here is a bit:

The whole project was pure shamelessness. A controversial former football star, who many believe got off scot-free after killing two people, writes a book about how he might have committed the murders. It was an end zone dance in the worst possible taste. Everyone was outraged but had to concede that O.J. Simpson, once acquitted, was beyond the reach of the law.

But Simpson and his publisher, Judith Regan, were within reach of another powerful tool that is not much used in American society: shame. Facing growing outrage and scorn, News Corp. chief executive Rupert Murdoch canceled the book project last week.

For Stephanos Bibas, a law professor and former prosecutor, the saga was grounds for celebration, because it showed that shame remains a powerful tool in America.

For nearly two centuries, using shame as a weapon against wrongdoing has steadily fallen into disfavor in the United States, even as it continues to be an essential part of social discourse in more traditional societies. After the rise of penitentiaries around 1800, the idea of shaming wrongdoers was replaced by more impersonal forms of punishment such as incarceration.

But in the past decade or two, a number of scholars have become interested in the uses of shame, especially in the criminal justice system. Bibas and others think the steady erosion of shame in U.S. courts and society has proved financially costly to the country, deprived victims of a sense of vindication and kept wrongdoers from feeling remorseful.

"I was very pleasantly surprised to see shame, and the shaming of Rupert Murdoch, triumph over O.J.'s shamelessness," Bibas said. "There are, apparently, some things that still go too far."

There's more; check it out.  For an earlier MOJ post on this topic, click here.

Friday, December 1, 2006

Law, Lawyers, the Court, and Catholicism

Readers might be interested in this essay, "Law, Lawyers, the Court, and Catholicism," that I did for the American Catholic Studies Newsletter of Notre Dame's Cushwa Center for the Study of American Catholicism.  (Among other things, it talks a bit about Mirror of Justice, about the good things happening at many of our Catholic law schools, about the new journals at Villanova and St. John's, and about the important "Christian lawyering" work being done by, among others, MOJ-ers Rob Vischer and Amy Uelmen.)

Wednesday, November 29, 2006

Bainbridge on faith-based investing

Steve B. writes:

Most mutual fund investors are familiar with the concept of socially responsible investing (a.k.a. values-based investing). A small chunk of that industry sector is comprised of faith-based investment funds, such as the Ave Maria funds that base their investment decisions on the social justice teachings of the Catholic Church. . . .

As an investor, I'm skeptical. . . .

As for whether persons of faith ought to suck it up and accept a lower rate of return in order to invest according to their beliefs and values, that's a post for another day.

Bishops & Democrats for Life on Amnesty and abortion

Here is a statement from the USCCB, joining Rep. Chris Smith (R) and Democrats for Life in urging Amnesty International not to squander its moral capital promoting an ersatz human right to abortion:

. . . The right to life itself is fundamental. It is the precondition of all other human rights, and its integrity depends on being acknowledged for every member of the human family regardless of race, age, gender, condition, or stage of development.

This principle is not particular to Catholic teaching. It is an insight of the natural law tradition of human rights, held in common by those of diverse religious backgrounds. Many of the great figures who advanced rights for the poor and marginalized also spoke out against abortion, including: Mohandas Gandhi, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Archbishop Oscar Romero, Dorothy Day, Fannie Lou Hamer, and most recently, Mother Teresa of Calcutta. We find it incomprehensible that these prophets of progress would now have to be seen as enemies of a "basic" human right.

[E]ndorsing abortion would deeply divide human rights advocates, jeopardize the collaboration between Amnesty and the Catholic bishops, and impair work for social justice both at home and overseas. . . .

"Atheist fandango"

Here is a characteristically witty report, courtesy of Professor Tom Smith, on the recent "San Diego atheist fandango":

don't see why a biologist or astronomer has any more claim to speak about religion than any other reasonably intelligent person.  It seems quite the same thing as the bad habit so many Americans have of turning to movie actors for their opinions about politics.  Yet the ability to appear sad (or intelligent) when one really isn't, is hardly a qualification for opining about how to fight nuclear proliferation.  What poor, deluded apes we are sometimes.  I remember watching with growing horror some TV show years ago where Patick Stewart (a.k.a. Jean-Luc Picard) ran around outdoors and enjoyed the wilderness, or something like that.  When choosing his own words, instead of saying "Make it so" with unquestionable authority, he appeared to be a man who had never had a deep thought, or unbanal sentiment, in his life.  He was also wearing a hair piece.  One more idol bit the dust. 

As long as scientists are in the mood for educating people, perhaps they could start with themselves.  Many of them appear to need a class in Philosophy 101.  Or maybe Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion.  They would no doubt emerge with their atheism intact, but they might at least learn that most of the questions they impale themselves upon are philosophical questions, such as, Is there a God?  Can we know if there is a God?  Could the universe possibly be infinitely old?  Or even, Is it a waste of time to even ask questions such as these?  You don't see many philosophy PhD's blundering into conferences on the Higgs boson (which I think they are still looking for, but I for one have faith that it is there), because philosophers rightly think they would look like idiots if they did.  Yet famous scientists can stand up and say that religion must be stamped out, replaced by science, and so on and on, and expect to be taken seriously.  Then there are all the other questions, ones of culture and history I suppose, having to do with whether one would even want to live in a society from which religion had been eradicated by "education".  While living under the Taliban or the Spanish Inquisition would have been a nightmare, living in a land where Science had finally taken Its throne does not sound like any bargain either.