Mirror of Justice

A blog dedicated to the development of Catholic legal theory.
Affiliated with the Program on Church, State & Society at Notre Dame Law School.

Tuesday, August 25, 2015

Americans United's (and others') misguided attack on religious institutions

There was a fair amount of hoopla occasioned by the release of this letter, from Americans United for the Separation of Church and State (formerly "Protestants and Other Americans United . . . .). and about 130 other advocacy and activist organizations.  In a nutshell, they are complaining about -- and want the Administration to abandon -- the practice of allowing religious social-welfare organizations that cooperate with the federal government (or, as they put it, "receive federal funding") to address important and entirely "secular" needs and problems to staff and hire for mission (or, as they put it, to "engage in religious discrimination").

The Administration's policy is the correct one.  No discrimination by these religious institutions *against beneficiaries* is permitted (nor should it be) but the government has wisely said (so far) that religious institutions that provide valuable services -- services that it is entirely appropriate for the government to fund -- are not tainted or otherwise rendered unworthy by virtue of the fact that they hire in accord with their religious mission.  If this hiring is "discrimination", it is not wrongful discrimination, and so the federal government is right not to be bothered by it.

What's really going on here, of course, is troubling:  These groups know full well that there is no pressing problem of religious social-welfare institutions denying employment opportunities to those who do not embrace  those institutions' mission and animating values. In the long tradition of groups like Americans United, the signatories to this letter oppose Catholic schools and other institutions -- they object to the content of what those schools and other institutions teach and do -- and so they are hoping to roll back the principle underlying the Supreme Court's acceptance of school-voucher programs.  

The letter exhibits what I will charitably call "confusion about discrimination."  For more on this problem, read this or this.

God bless Fr. Araujo

Many people have emailed me to express their deep admiration and affection for our dear friend, Fr. Araujo, who shared details about his health the other day in this moving post.  It would, and will, take a lot more than one blog post to express all that I, and all of us at Mirror of Justice, are thinking, feeling, hoping, and praying for, and so I will not try here.  For now, I'll simply join my colleagues, and all MOJ readers, in looking forward to his manuscript on religious freedom, in praying for his well being, and in thanking God for his vocation and life.

God bless Fr. Araujo

Many people have emailed me to express their deep admiration and affection for our dear friend, Fr. Araujo, who shared details about his health the other day in this moving post.  It would, and will, take a lot more than one blog post to express all that I, and all of us at Mirror of Justice, are thinking, feeling, hoping, and praying for, and so I will not try here.  For now, I'll simply join my colleagues, and all MOJ readers, in looking forward to his manuscript on religious freedom, in praying for his well being, and in thanking God for his vocation and life.

"Meeting God as an American"

I enjoyed this review , by David Paul Deavel, of Randy Boyagoda's new book on Fr. Richard John Neuhaus.   Although I appreciate the insights, and the force of some of the critiques -- especially in light of recent events, such as the firestorm surrounding Indiana's religious-freedom law -- of the so-called "radical traditionalists" like my friend and colleague Patrick Deneen, I continue to think that Fr. Neuhaus's basic stance and approach are attractive and compelling:

 Today, many young conservatives of a religious bent seem inclined to view as a mirage Neuhaus’ mediating position between theocracy and secular domination. Most of them are more than ready to damn an America that is simply and without remainder a product of an unadulterated Enlightenment liberalism. They’ve taken to heart Neuhaus’s more radical and despairing laments over Babylon while rejecting his optimism and balanced assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of American institutions and culture. We need more reflection on Neuhaus’s thought, but we also wait for another—doubtless different—Neuhaus, who loves his flawed country enough to fight for it and expects to meet God as an American.

The Neuhaus / First Things project is sometimes caricatured and (I think unfairly) criticized for being insufficiently critical of American actions, laws, culture, premises, etc.  And, to be sure, it's not hard to find Christian "conservatives" who engage in cringe-inducing cheerleading for various things that don't deserve it.  Still -- there are "strengths and weaknesses" and among the strengths is a (bruised and vulnerable) tradition of religious freedom, ordered liberty, and the common good under and through the rule of law.

The New York Times on abortion and Down Syndrome

It is not news, even if it is unfortunate and damaging to the common good, that the New York Times takes a consistently extremist position on the issue of abortion.  Although it purports regularly to pronounce on the location and content of the "mainstream," the Times is reliably on the fringe both of public opinion and morality when it comes to questions regarding the extent to which unborn children may and should be protected in law.

In this editorial, "Abortion and Down Syndrome," the Times take a position that, notwithstanding the support it might (sadly) enjoy in public opinion, should be deeply chilling and troubling.  In criticizing an Ohio proposal that would restrict abortions based on a diagnosis that the unborn child has Down Syndrome, the Times takes the view that the fact "a majority" (actually, much more than that) of such diagnoses result in abortion, the proposal is for that reason objectionable.  Actually, it is because such diagnoses (and other diagnoses or predictions of disabilities) so often result in the decision that the disabled unborn child should not be permitted to live that the expressive and pedagogical function of the law is so needed on this matter.  The Times piece gives no indication that there is even something to be worried about here; it is completely silent regarding the connection between the attitude that results in extremely high abortion rates for disabled children and the treatment and welfare of those persons with disabilities who were not aborted.

Sunday, August 16, 2015

An Orthodox Believer's Response to Catholics and Evangelicals Together on Law

Back in the Fall of 2013 -- after 8 years of conversation and work -- a group of Catholic and Evangelical law professors (including many MOJ-ers) published a statement called "The Lord of Heaven and Earth."  (More here, including a link to the statement.)

In the Winter 2014 issue of the Journal of Christian Legal Thought (which I just received), there is a response to the statement, written by Michael Avramovich, called "An Orthodox Believer's Response to Evangelicals and Catholics Together on Law."  I know I speak for the other authors of the statement in thanking Mr. Avramovich for his time and comment.  You can get a copy of the issue, including the response, here: Download JCLT Winter 14 web copy.

Thursday, August 6, 2015

Robby George and Ryan Anderson respond to Inazu et al.

Here is a response from Robby and Ryan to the piece that I posted yesterday -- by Mike McConnell, John Inazu, and I -- on the First Amendment Defense Act.  I encourage readers to check it out.  I'll just say, for now, that my co-authors and I certainly agree that "religious freedom is a basic human right" and that "religious freedom is not just for groups we 'admire' and not just for groups that help 'the poor and oppressed.'"  Our piece did not argue or suggest otherwise.  (We had nothing to do with the title, which -- as Robby and Ryan point out -- unfortunately used the word "admire.")

Prof. Robert A. Burt, R.I.P.

I was very sorry to learn that Yale Law School Prof. Robert A. Burt ("Bo") passed away on August 3.  Here is a bit from Yale's announcement (quoting Prof. Anthony Kronman):

"The range of Bo's interests and accomplishments is startling enough. But what is more amazing still is that all of his writings express Bo's unfaltering belief in the value of conversation, dialogue and the continuing struggle to find common ground, and an abiding suspicion of authoritarianism in all its forms, whether it be a doctor's imperious prescription, or the Supreme Court's deaf assertion of power, or even God's declaration that he need not explain himself to anyone at all."

Kronman continued, "Bo's humane resistance to the reliance on mere power and his insistence that every type of authority, human or divine, is an interactive achievement, is the theme of all his writings. It represents the enduring achievement of this noble human being. It is there in his work for all to see. Still, I miss the man himself, and count his friendship among the best things that have ever happened to me."

Bo was a gentle, thoughtful, caring, generous, and deeply good man.  He was also my teacher, mentor, and friend.  I learned so much from him and he shaped profoundly what I think of as my academic vocation.  He set, and lived, a standard for teacher-scholars that I wish I could meet.  

I first "met" Bo in the pages of Prof. Joseph Goldstein's strange, but fascinating and provocative, Criminal Law casebook  , in which his brief in the Michigan case of Kaimowitz v. Michigan Department of Mental Health -- which involved experimental psychosurgery on a prisoner -- was excerpted.  He became for me, over the course of many conversations, a few classes, and my reading of several of his books, including The Constitution in Conflict, a model and an always-welcome challenge.  My first law-review article, 19 years ago, was inspired by him.  Our last face-to-face conversation, during a visit by him to Notre Dame for a workshop, was about a chapter on Job in what became his fascinating political-theory workIn the Whirlwind:  God and Humanity in Conflict.

The Yale Law School was fortunate, and many hundreds of YLS graduates are blessed, to have known, worked with, and learned from Robert Burt.  May the memory of this righteous one be a blessing.

Wednesday, August 5, 2015

Douthat responds (powerfully) to the "pro-life case for Planned Parenthood"

Here.   Among other things, Douthat explains why the often-lodged-but-still-not-sound claim that "pro-lifers are hypocrites unless they enthusiastically endorse extensive public funding for contraception" is, well, still-not-sound. 

Inazu, McConnell, and Garnett on religious freedom and civil society . . . and taxes

John Inazu (WUSTL), Michael McConnell (Stanford), and I have this piece, "How To Protect Endangered Religious Groups You Admire," up at Christianity Today.  It's about the First Amendment Defense Act specifically and, more generally, about the importance of not moving, post-Obergefell, to pressure or penalize religious institutions and agencies that do important and valuable work . . . and that continue to embrace standard Christian teachings on marriage and sexuality.  Check it out.  Comments welcome.  Here's a bit:

Today, tens of thousands of religious organizations, and tens of millions of Americans, continue to believe and teach that the proper understanding of marriage is a union of one man and one woman. But they do far more than believe and teach this and other views.

They also give food, clothing, shelter, counsel, and comfort to millions of Americans in need. They offer some of the most important and desperately needed health, educational, and social services in the country. And they provide billions of dollars and thousands of full-time workers for international relief aid that serves vulnerable migrants, refugees, and persecuted minorities. The work of religious organizations has long been and continues to be central both to religious believers’ lives and to the welfare of others. Our communities—and, indeed, communities around the globe—would be much worse off without these organizations and their faith-informed good works.