Mirror of Justice

A blog dedicated to the development of Catholic legal theory.
Affiliated with the Program on Church, State & Society at Notre Dame Law School.

Friday, April 20, 2007

It had to happen . . .

Thanks to the Philadelphia Inquirer (which characterizes as "activist" a decision that declines to invalidate a measure which has always enjoyed broad and bipartisan support):

I'll forego my lament about the "last acceptable prejudice" .  And, what's irritating about the cartoon is not only its claim that it is as Catholics -- i.e., because they are Catholics, and not because they think, as intelligent and engaged lawyers, that the Constitution does not (and, of course, it does not) disable legislatures entirely from regulating a particularly gruesome abortion procedure  -- that the five Justices who voted to uphold the ban.  What is, for me, most striking (and demoralizing) about this cartoon (and about similar "chill wind blowing from Rome" cartoons, blog posts, op-eds, that are already all over the web) is that it suggests something very depressing about the state and future of debate about moral questions.

It is, increasingly, thought to be enough to discredit an argument or position -- any argument or position -- merely to note that the person who makes it is a religious believer, and to write off any moral argument with which one disagrees as "religious."  (This practice, of course, does not run both ways:  arguments against torture, the death penalty, race discrimination, and income inequality are "secular"; arguments against partial-birth abortion or the creation of embryos for research are "religious.")  It appears, increasingly, that arguments whose trajectory is not in line with the standard liberal / autonomy / choice line are not only rejected, but declared not to be permissible arguments

Even in Justice Ginsburg's dissent, she took the time to complain that there was something improper, and threatening, about the majority's use of words like "abortion doctor" and "unborn child"; but, of course, the use of these words represents an argument.  To rule out the words is to rule out, as illegitimate, the argument they reflect.

Thursday, April 19, 2007

Walter Murphy, Antonin Scalia, and Cafeteria Catholicism

In response to Michael's posting of the interview with Walter Murphy:

Professor Murphy -- an accomplished scholar, by any measure -- says that he is "on a terrorist watch list" and that the "only reason he can think of" for this is because he "did speak against Bush."  For a critical examination of Professor Murphy's claim, go here.  (Just to be clear:  It would, of course, be outrageous if an eminent Princeton scholar were put on a "Terrorist Watch" list for "speak[ing] against Bush."  I suggest, though, that Professor Murphy's conversation with an American Airlines "clerk" does not provide particularly strong evidence for thinking that this is what happened.)

As for being a "Catholic of sorts" and a "cafeteria Catholic" -- like, Professor Murphy thinks, Justice Scalia -- well, I suppose we're all "works in progress" when it comes to being the Catholics we should be.  I suspect, though, that Professor Murphy is misjudging the Pope when he surmises that the Pope would regard him as a "heretic." 

Wednesday, April 18, 2007

Initial reaction to PBA decision

Based on a quick read of the majority opinion:  The Supreme Court's decision upholding the federal ban on partial-birth abortion seems a narrow, but important one.  Justice Kennedy's opinion for the majority does not change the Court's basic position with respect to abortion, but it does make clear that the Court's precedents permit reasonable, careful regulations of abortion in order to promote the state's valid interest in protecting what Justice Kennedy called the government's '"interest in respect for life."  The Justices distinguished, but did not overrule, their  2000 decision, Stenberg v. Carhart, which struck down Nebraska's differently worded partial-birth-abortion ban. 

My take:  Unlike the earlier decision, today's ruling respects the views of the overwhelming number of Americans -- pro-life and pro-choice alike -- who believe that partial-birth-abortion is a procedure that a decent and humane society need not permit.  In this sense, the decision is consistent with the view that federal judges should not take it on themselves to remove controversial debates from the arena of democracy.

As Justice Ginsburg observed, it is not clear that the PBA ban actually saves the lives of any unborn children.  And, as she wrote, it should not be imagined that other abortion procedures are not also gruesome.  Is it troubling, then, that such a narrow decision will be hailed (or lamented) as a "huge win" for the pro-life side of the debate?  Yes.  Still, it is a step in the right direction.

Tuesday, April 17, 2007

Review of Charles Fried

Here's my review, in Commonweal, of Charles Fried's recent book, "Modern Liberty and the Limits of Government."  A bit:

“Liberty,” Fried argues, “is individuality made normative.” It is the triumph of individuality “as much over authority that would govern by despotism, as over the masses that would subordinate the minority to the majority.” He concedes that there are social realities-cultures, religions, languages-in which persons are situated and by which they are shaped. “But all these things,” Fried contends, “are the products of individual persons.” Individuals, he insists, “come first. Whoever says otherwise is trading in metaphors.”  . . .

It is often, and rightly, observed that the libertarian moral anthropology, for all its Promethean trappings, is pretty thin, assigning greater moral import to our “separateness from each other” than to our dependence on one another. As Pope John Paul II wrote, the ability of individuals “to decide their own destiny and future in complete autonomy, trusting only in themselves and their own powers” does not exhaust or capture “the grandeur of the human being.” And while there is surely something to Fried’s claim that “a life without choice, a life consisting of unchosen goods, is an inhuman existence,” it is also inescapably true that many human goods are given, not claimed, and that to be independent and alone is more “inhuman” than to depend on others.

That said, Fried provides an important warning about the temptations to confuse the preferences of the majority with the common good and to slight, as merely selfish, the objections of those who resent the majority’s imposition. Certainly, it is possible to overstate or misuse the claim that “individuals come first.” And yet, as C. S. Lewis once wrote, in a little essay called “The Weight of Glory,” we “have never talked to a mere mortal. Nations, cultures, arts, civilization-these are mortal, and their life is to ours as the life of a gnat. But it is immortals whom we joke with, work with, marry, snub, and exploit-immortal horrors or everlasting splendors.”

Smith reviews Gorsuch on assisted suicide

Sobering:

Today a diverse, if loose, coalition of politically strange bedfellows—disability-rights activists, civil-rights organizers, advocates for the poor, medical-professional organizations, the Catholic Church, and the pro-life movement—stands as an effective bulwark against the spread of assisted-suicide legalization. Illustrating how successful this coalition has been, it defeated voter referenda to legalize assisted suicide in Michigan in 1998 and Maine in 2000. Last year, in a high-profile victory, assisted-suicide legislation in California died unexpectedly in a State Senate subcommittee. Serious efforts to legalize assisted suicide have also been turned back repeatedly in Vermont and (barely) in Hawaii.

But the euthanasia movement is strong, too. Its organizations are well financed, and its leaders and grassroots proponents are determined. Thus the only sure thing about the future of assisted suicide is that there will be political trench warfare over the issue for years to come. A thorough analysis of the “future” of assisted suicide in America will bring the same depth of research and analysis to the political dimension of the issue that Gorsuch so capably brought to his description of the trends in law and philosophy.

Happily, we don’t (yet) live in a country where our most contentious social issues are decided in the ivory tower by courts or regulators imposing the views of academic “experts” on the rest of society. In the end, for better or for worse, the future of assisted suicide and euthanasia will likely be decided via democratic debate in the public square. Indeed, this ongoing political struggle may be the most interesting part of the subject, and the book suffers by omitting it.

Fish on "Religion Without Truth"

Here's a (relatively) recent Stanley Fish "Think Again" column, called "Religion Without Truth."  He has some provocative -- in the good way -- things to say, about liberal education and religion, that will be of interest to those who like to think (or, who cannot help thinking) about the whole "Catholic university" thing.

Sunday, April 15, 2007

"The American Experiment"

I'm just back from the University of Portland, and the Garaventa Center's conference on "The American Experiment in Religious Freedom."  It was an excellent event, with many engaging and provocative talks (Justice Scalia on one day, Sen. Leahy on the other, etc.), and lots of conversation with old and new friends, former students, my confirmation sponsor, whom I had not seen in 20 years, and, of course, MOJ readers and bloggers! 

I was struck by what great strides the University is making.  There are real opportunities, I think, in that part of the country, for a school like the University of Portland (and for the Center) to make a difference for good.

Message to Michael Perry . . .

Message to (my pal) Michael Perry:  Obama:  no.  Edwards: no.  Clinton:  no.  etc. etc.  Oh, and re-read this.

Friday, April 13, 2007

"Evangelical atheism"

Here's a long, and sobering, post by Rod Dreher, on the recent WSJ op-ed on the "evangelical atheism" trend, and what it suggests about, well, lots of things.  A taste of the op-ed:

Mr. Onfray argues that atheism faces a "final battle" against "theological hocus-pocus" and must rally its troops. "We can no longer tolerate neutrality and benevolence," he writes in "Traité d'athéologie," or Atheist Manifesto, a best seller in France, Italy and Spain. "The turbulent time we live in suggests that change is at hand and the time has come for a new order."

As with many fights involving faith, Europe's struggle between belief and nonbelief is also a proxy for other, concrete issues that go far beyond the supernatural. In this case, they involve a battle to define the identity of a continent.

I might pick a different word than "evangelical" to describe Mr. Onfray.  Moving on, though, here's Dreher:

Canary in the coal mine time for the faithful in Europe: This best-selling author preaches that the time for tolerating religious believers in Europe is past, and it's time for a "final battle." What's this you atheists who comment here like to say about the hostility and intolerance of Christians? Dream on, dears.

Teleology and Goodness

Ryan Anderson sends along this conference announcement:

Teleology and Goodness: Metaphysics, Mind and Action
A summer graduate philosophy seminar sponsored by the Witherspoon Institute from August 5--10, 2007 on the campus of

Princeton

University
http://www.winst.org/thomisticseminar/index.html

Faculty 

Anselm Muller,

University

of

Trier


David Oderberg,

University

of

Reading


Gyula Klima,

Fordham

University


Robert Koons, University of Texas-Austin
David Gallagher

Description

"The good" – that which is desirable or to be done – and "teleology" – action for the sake of an end – are interrelated notions which have been perennial subjects of philosophical enquiry. They are implicated in questions about causation, natural kinds, cognition, intentional action, as well as a host of other key philosophical issues. Although a strong theme in modern philosophy has been the deflation of their status as genuine aspects of nature, recent philosophical work in metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and action theory has flouted this trend by offering robust accounts of teleological realism and natural goodness. Such accounts characteristically find inspiration in the philosophical tradition founded by Aristotle and developed by his successors, among whom Thomas Aquinas is preeminent.

It is against this background that the 2007 Thomistic Seminar will be devoted to exploring the nature of and relationship between teleology and goodness as they figure in metaphysics, mind, and action according to Aquinas. The Seminar will focus on an accurate explication and assessment of Aquinas' views, with a special interest in how they might engage with contemporary positions on these issues within the tradition of analytic philosophy. Specific issues will include:

efficient, material, formal, final causation
form and matter
substance and accident
actuality and potentiality
being and goodness
substantial identity
the relationship between description, modality, and normativity
rationality, normativity, and self-consciousness
practical knowledge
practical and theoretical irrationality
constitutive aim theories of action
the relationship between theoretical and practical reason
actus humanus and actus hominis

The Seminar's discussion will anticipate the (tentative) 2008 theme, which will be devoted to teleology and goodness as they arise in ethics, politics, and legal theory.


More Information

Applications must be submitted by May 1, 2007.  Please visit http://www.winst.org/thomisticseminar/index.html
or contact [email protected] for more details.