Mirror of Justice

A blog dedicated to the development of Catholic legal theory.
Affiliated with the Program on Church, State & Society at Notre Dame Law School.

Tuesday, February 12, 2013

Mark Silk's mistake regarding the (proposed new) mandate

Michael Sean Winters calls attention, here, to Mark Silk's complaint about what he regards as the bishops' insufficiently enthusiastic embrace of the proposed (i.e., not-yet-adopted) new contraceptive-coverage mandate.  In my view, the theme (which I've come across in several posts and pieces by commentators) that the bishops are somehow being churlish or ungrateful for observing that -- notwithstanding the welcome revision to the definition of exempt "religious employers" -- the mandate continues to burden religious liberty in regrettable and unnecessary ways is a strange one.

Two quick thought:  Silk writes:

The bishops offer nothing to indicate that the many non-Catholics who receive health coverage at their colleges and  hospitals may have rights of their own that ought to be recognized. Or that those institutions, by virtue of the substantial public funding they receive, might legitimately be distinguished from houses of worship.

Both of these sentences peddle mistakes.  First, there is no question here of "recogniz[ing]" the "rights" of "non-Catholics" to receive free contraception-coverage from Catholic institutions.  Even putting aside doubts about the wisdom of the mandate as a policy matter, the claim by those objecting to the mandate is not that these employers should be denied coverage, or (obviously) told they cannot use contraception.  The complaint has been that, if the government thinks free contraceptive-coverage is a good thing, then the government should pay, rather than making the religious employers do it.  No "rights" of non-Catholic employees are violated if their free contraceptive-coverage comes from the government, rather than from, say, Catholic Charities.

Second, it is wrong to say that the institutions in question "receive" "public money" in a way that somehow waters down their religious-ness.  They don't "receive" money as a gift, or a subsidy -- they accept payment and reimbursement for benefits they provide to the community.  There's no reason this relationship should push them into what Cardinal Dolan called "second class" religious-institution status.

Monday, February 11, 2013

Pope Benedict's resignation

Like many others, I'm sure, I find I am still "processing" the news about the Pope's resignation.  I don't have any insta-punditry to offer, other than to say "thank you!" to the Holy Father, and to the Holy Spirit, for the gift of his leadership, thought, and service.  I know that, here at MOJ, we've often discussed the Catholic-Legal-Theory implications of his encyclicals and writings, and I hope that the entire MOJ crew will consider posting additional reflections.  Certainly, for me, the Pope's exploration of the idea of "healthy secularity" has been hugely influential. 

I recall, a few years back, early in Pope Benedict's papacy, a very interesting conference at Villanova, at which participants were invited to reflect on his work, its themes, and its direction.  I contributed a short essay called "Church, State, and the Practice of Love," which is available here.   Here's the abstract:

In his first
encyclical letter, Deus caritas est, Pope Benedict XVI describes the Church as a
community of love. In this letter, he explores the organized practice love by
and through the Church, and the relationship between this practice, on the one
hand, and the Church's commitment to the just ordering of the State and society,
on the other. God is love, he writes. This paper considers the implications of
this fact for the inescapably complicated nexus of church-state relations in our
constitutional order.

The specific goal for this paper is to draw from
Deus caritas est some insight into what is a fundamental and - at present - the
most pressing challenge in church-state law, namely, the preservation of the
Church's moral and legal right to govern herself in accord with her own norms
and in response to her own calling. It asks, what does the new Pope's work and
thinking, about the future and present state of the Church and her organized
practice of love, suggest about the appropriate content and vulnerable state of
the rights and independence of religious groups - and of the freedom of the
Church?

 

 

Tuesday, February 5, 2013

Bishop John Michael D'Arcy, R.I.P.

The longtime bishop of the Diocese of Ft. Wayne-South Bend, Bishop John D'Arcy, died on Sunday morning.  He was a really good and deeply holy man.  He was also a stand-up guy and a mensch.  Click on the link to learn more about him, and pray that more like him are called to the priesthood and to religious life.     

Monday, February 4, 2013

"Simple Justice: Kids Deserve School Choice"

I have a piece in Public Discourse today, reflecting on the just-concluded "National School Choice Week."   Check it out (please).  A bit:

National School Choice Week is not an exercise in reaction or nostalgia. The point is not to treat struggling Catholic schools like rickety historic landmarks or heritage sites, or to attach a “Justice Sonia Sotomayor Studied Here” plaque to the wall at Blessed Sacrament. The school-choice movement, and last week’s celebrations, are not about sentimentality; they are, as John Coons once put it, about “simple justice.” School choice—and, more specifically, public support for the education of the public that is provided by parochial and other religious schools—is required in justice.

Last week’s events should not cause us to sigh and look back wistfully. Instead, they should wake us up, and fire us up. Kids in the situation that Justice Sotomayor faced and neighborhoods like the one in which she grew up don’t have to lose out, and schools like Blessed Sacrament don’t have to close. The school-closing epidemic is not caused by a decline in demand for Catholic education but by our foolish and unfair unwillingness to support financially the good work of Catholic schools and students’ choices to attend them.

Friday, February 1, 2013

Cardinal Dolan: The Plan to Save Catholic Schools

In the WSJ, here.  A taste (which is relevant, I think, to Catholic universities as well):

[W]e won't back away from insisting that faith formation be part of our curriculum, even for non-Catholic students. As education expert Diane Ravitch has observed, "A large part of the Catholic schools' success derives from the fact that they are faith-based and that they sustain a sense of genuine community, as well as stability. To me, and I am not Catholic, the success of Catholic schools depends on maintaining their religious identity, that is, keeping the crucifixes in the classrooms as well as the freedom to speak freely about one's values."

Parents who are not Catholic often choose Catholic schools because of the institutions' moral grounding, not in spite of it. They know that Catholic-school graduates—Catholic and non-Catholic alike—make good citizens, involved in community service and committed to social justice. . . .

New (proposed) rules re: HHS contraception mandate

The latest from HHS et al. is available here.  I have the luxury of being able to read the thing carefully before deciding what I think about it.  A few things, though, seem clear, from a quick first read:  

First, the proposal does not change the fact that for-profit businesses are required to provide the preventive-services coverage, even if their owners have religious objections to doing so.  This is not the "Taco Bell" problem, but the (I think) real problem that a number of small-ish businesses will be required to act in ways that run counter to their owners' desire to participate in the commercial sphere in a way that is consistent with their religious commitments.  The RFRA lawsuits will continue.

Second, the four-part definition of exempt religious employers has been changed (or, it is proposed that they be changed), and the most objectionable parts of the current definition (the ones that invited inquiry into whether the organizations served primarily co-religionists, for example) are being removed.  However, it is still the case that the exemption is limited (p. 20) to "churches, their integrated auxiliaries, and conventions or associations of churches, as well as to the exclusively religious activities of any religious order."  So, it appears that, even under this proposal, a number of religious social-welfare organizations will not be "exempt" (though some will probably be covered by the "your insurance company will pay instead" "accommodation").

Third, while the document includes some discussion about self-insured employers, this proposal does not resolve the issue for such employers.  On p. 67 of the linked-to document, it is clear that the section having to do with self-insured group health plan coverage is T/B/D.

I'm sorry to see that, in some com-box corners of Catholic blog-world, the knee-jerk reaction to this proposal is to snark about those mean and right-wing Catholic bishops and activists for whom nothing will be good enough, etc.  This reaction is not appropriate, in part because it was almost certainly pressure from the bishops and from religious-freedom activists (and also concerns about losing lawsuits) that convinced the Administration to propose new rules (which, again, might not, in the end, cure the mandate's religious-freedom defects) and also because there's no reason why the bishops and activists should welcome even a new proposal if it turns out that the new proposal doesn't cure those defects.

UPDATE:  Here is Yuval Levin:

This document, like the versions that have preceded it, betrays a complete lack of understanding of both religious liberty and religious conscience. Religious liberty is an older and more profound kind of liberty than we are used to thinking about in our politics now. It’s not freedom from constraint, but recognition of a constraint higher than even the law. It’s not “the right to define one’s own concept of existence, of meaning, of the universe, and of the mystery of human life” but the right to answer to what you are persuaded is the evident and inflexible reality of existence, of meaning, of the universe, and of the mystery of human life. It’s not the right to do what you want; it is the right to do what you must.
 
Governments have to recognize that by restricting people’s freedom to live by the strictures of their faith they are forcing them to choose between the truth and the law. It is therefore incumbent upon the government of a free society to seek for ways to allow people to live within the strictures of their consciences, because it is not possible for people to live otherwise.
 
There are times, of course, when the government, in pursuit of an essential public interest, simply cannot make way for conscience, and in those times religious believers must be willing to pay a heavy price for standing witness to what they understand to be the truth. But such moments are rare, and our system of government is designed to make them especially so. Both the government and religious believers should strive to make them as rare as possible by not forcing needless confrontations over conscience. 

Thursday, January 31, 2013

Moral Anthropology truths . . . on Twitter

Thanks to the Holy Father's Twitter feed for this:

Every human being is loved by God the Father. No one need feel forgotten, for every name is written in the Lord's loving Heart.

Catholic Legal Theory in a nutshell, I think.

Happy National School Choice Week!

School choice -- and, more specifically, public support for the education of the public that is provided by parochial and other Catholic schools -- is required in justice and by the Church's social teaching.  If you have not read it before -- and, frankly, even if you have -- check out John Coons' "School Choice as Simple Justice", here.  Then, go the web page for National School Choice Week, read about what's going on, and commit to helping out.  

Then, watch this great video about Catholic school teachers (the video features, among others, the daughter of a proud MOJ reader) in Chicago and the mission of Catholic schools.   Then, go to the site of Notre Dame's Alliance for Catholic Education, learn about their amazing work, and write them a check.  (And then send a note to the Cardinal Newman Society, suggesting that they re-allocate some of the effort they spend trashing, for fundraising purposes, Notre Dame to praising A.C.E.)

Tuesday, January 29, 2013

Newman and the University

Go here for information about an upcoming (Feb. 4) conference at the Catholic Center at NYU.  

In recent years, the philosophical question is acutely felt: what is a university education for? The goal of this event is to reflect critically on the legacy of John Henry Newman with regard to this question. What is it that unites or unifies a university as a cultural entity of research and education? What positive contribution can religion make to the ongoing life of the university in a contemporary context? In a cosmopolitan culture, is the serious consideration of religion a hindrance to the understanding of social co-existence, or is it a prerequisite?

Should be great!

 

 

Monday, January 28, 2013

Happy Feast of St. Thomas Aquinas (or, "is St. Thomas boring"?)!

The question whether "St. Thomas is boring" is asked and helpfully answered, here, by Br. Raymund Snyder, O.P. (natch).  A taste:

Whether Thomas Aquinas is fittingly called boring?

Objection 1: It would seem that Thomas Aquinas is fittingly called boring. The works of Thomas are composed of impersonal statements and arguments, which are boring. Now, every agent acts in accordance with its nature to produce something like unto itself (omne agens agit sibi simile). Just as nothing can effect heat unless it is hot, so too no one can produce boring writings, unless he is boring. Hence it is seen that since Thomas’ works are boring, Thomas is fittingly called boring.

Objection 2: Thomas Aquinas is well known to have been of considerable girth. A man possesses phlegmatic humor in proportion to his size. The more phlegmatic a man’s disposition, the more he is perceived as dull, wearisome, and uninteresting. Thus, as a result of his girth, Thomas is fittingly called boring.

Objection 3: Those who are always correct in all things are annoying. Those who are annoying are also boring. Thus, Thomas, who is typically correct on account of the soundness of his reasoning and the brilliance of his intellect, is fittingly called boring. . . .

Q.E.D. and all that.  Now, here's a painting of St. Thomas, in some hallway in the Vatican Museum, that I've always really liked.  "Bene scriptisit de me Thoma."  Indeed.