Mirror of Justice

A blog dedicated to the development of Catholic legal theory.
Affiliated with the Program on Church, State & Society at Notre Dame Law School.

Wednesday, June 26, 2013

Windsor & Perry

It's interesting how, in late June, most bloggers and most of my Facebook friends become experts in Constitutional Law!  In any event, like many MOJ-ers I'm sure, I'm reading and thinking about today's SSM cases.  I tend, like Chief Justice Roberts, to be something of a hawk on standing, and so I'm bothered -- at least for now -- by what strikes me as the awkward juxtaposition of the "jurisdiction in Windsor but no standing in Perry" result.  But, I assume that Catholic legal theory has little to say about what ought to be the bounds of the Court's jurisdiction so I'll leave all that alone.

Reading Justice Kennedy's opinion -- which strikes me as a mixture of a "federalism" argument and a Romer v. Evans "no amimus" argument -- it strikes me that the language and rhetoric will be very helpful to those who are arguing that the Constitution, political morality, and decency require the equal treatment and legal recognition of same-sex marriages.  His claim that the opinion is limited in its application to those same-sex marriages that have already been recognized by state law does not strike me as likely to have much impact. If what Justice Kennedy says is correct, then it seems to me that it has to follow, in the next case and in future legislative debates, that those states -- and those religious communities -- that reject the revisionist approach to marriage are appropriately regarded as backward and bigoted, and not to be respected or accommodated.  We'll see.

Notre Dame's Prof. Carter Snead to headline National Right to Life Convention

My friend and colleague, Prof. Carter Snead, the Director of the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture, will keynote the upcoming 43rd Annual National Right to Life Convention.  More details are available here.

Children, parents, families & tribes

I am inclined that it says something -- and not something good -- about the state of things that on what appears to be the last day of the Supreme Court's 2012 Term -- in which the Justices decided dozens of cases, most of which presented technical legal questions and most of which by 9-0, 8-1, or 7-2 votes -- the whole world is watching to see whether or not the Justices will announce -- whether Justice Kennedy will announce? -- a definitive answer to the question whether states must include same-sex unions in their legal definitions of "marriage." 

In any event, yesterday, in another "family law" case, the Court issued a ruling involving the Indian Child Welfare Act captioned (not very helpfully) "Adoptive Coule v. Baby Girl."  For more on the case, go here.  The case involves what I think are really difficult, even painful questions.  I'm not sure how they should be answered.  (Remember the Elian Gonzalez drama?)  Here is a bit, from the end of Justice Scalia's dissent:

While I am at it, I will add one thought. The Court’sopinion, it seems to me, needlessly demeans the rights of parenthood. It has been the constant practice of the common law to respect the entitlement of those who bring achild into the world to raise that child. We do not inquirewhether leaving a child with his parents is "in the best interest of the child." It sometimes is not; he would be

better off raised by someone else. But parents have their rights, no less than children do. This father wants to raise his daughter, and the statute amply protects his right to do so. There is no reason in law or policy to dilute that protection.

Of course, there might be a reason in "policy" to "dilute" that protection, namely, that the chilld spent the first several years of her life with her parents and family.  And, so, the case is hard.  Thoughts?

Monday, June 24, 2013

Court grants cert. in abortion-protest case

Although it has not been "lost" amid the commentary about the Court and affirmative action, the Court's decision to grant review in McCullen v. Coakley -- a case involving restrictions on pro-life speech around facilities that provide abortions -- is a potential big deal.  Here's a run-down on the case by the superhuman folks at Scotusblog, and here's a link to the amicus curiae brief that was filed on behalf of me and several other constitutional-law scholars urging the Court to take the case.

Congrats to Bill Galston

William Galston is a really thoughtful, amiable, and independent-thinking guy, and so I think it's great news that he has received the 2013 American Religious Freedom Award from the Ethics and Public Policy Center.  Congratulations!

Religious freedom is not a 'second-class right'

Speaking of Mary Ann Glendon . . . here is her recent Washington Post op-ed, "Religious freedom is not a 'second-class right'".  A bit:

Instead of fostering discord in the body politic or attempting to make everyone think in lockstep, our policy makers would do well to be more respectful of the American tradition of pluralism. At the most fundamental level, those wielding governmental power must recognize that disagreement is not discrimination. Disagreement is an essential part of any democratic system. Conflicting ideas and diverging worldviews are signs of a healthy society.

 

Prof. Mary Ann Glendon and the Structure of Religious Freedom

As I mentioned in an earlier post, I was recently blessed with the chance to participate in a conference celebrating the work of Prof. Mary Ann Glendon.  The event brought together a diverse range of fascinating scholars, and was sponsored by the Notre Dame Program on Church, State, and Society. 

The participants were asked to contribute, for discussion purposes, a very short reflection-paper on an aspect, theme, or dimension of Glendon's work.  My own effort is available here:  Download Glendon paper.  Here's the first paragraph:

In 1991, Mary Ann Glendon and Raul Yanes published in the Michigan Law
Review
an article called “Structural Free Exercise.”[1]  This article – which I read as a law student in the early 1990s and to which I have returned many times – was and still is among the most insightful explorations and explanations of the freedom of religion that is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.  The problem Glendon and
Yanes identified -- namely, that an excessively expansive (and ahistorical)
understanding of the “establishment” of religion and an unduly narrow
understanding of religious “exercise” combine to compress and constrict the
“freedom of religion” – was and still is real and pressing.  And their response – that is, the claim that a “holistic, structural approach to the text is necessary [for] a workable,
coherent, church-state jurisprudence for our pluralistic, liberal, democratic
society”[2] – was and still is compelling.  I have, in my own work, attempted to develop and elaborate upon it.[3]  And, at least in some respects, it appears
that the Supreme Court of the United States might be coming around, too.[4]



[1] Mary Ann Glendon &
Raul F. Yanes, Structural Free Exercise, 90
Mich. L. Rev. 477 (1991).

[2] Id. at 478.

[3][3]
See, e.g., Richard W. Garnett,
“Religious Liberty, Church Autonomy, and the Structure of Freedom,” in J.
Witte, Jr. & F. Alexander, eds., Christianity and Human Rights:  An Introduction 226 (2010).

[4] Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical
Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 565 U.S.
___ (2012).

Back from Rome . . . and Happy St. Thomas Garnet day

I am just back from Rome and Florence, after (among other things) a great conference of comparative-law, constitutional law, and church-state scholars who gathered to discuss and celebrate the work of Mary Ann Glendon, a pilgrimage to the tomb and remains of the Apostle Peter, and an audience (with 100,000 or so close friends) with Papa Francesco.  I'll have more thoughts on the Glendon conference in another post. 

For now, I just want to wish everyone (one day late) a happy "St. Thomas Garnet" day (which also happens to be the birthday of my son Tommy Garnett).  St. Thomas Garnet (S.J.) was, as it happens, the son of a lawyer named Richard Garnet, and the nephew of Henry Garnet, the head of the Jesuits in late-16th century England and -- like Sts. John Fisher and Thomas More, whose feast we celebrated this weekend and continue to reflect upon during the "Fortnight for Freedom" -- a martyr.

Thursday, June 13, 2013

New Law Prof Blog Traffic Rankings

We're No. 22 . . . We're No. 22 . . .  And we are gaining ground quickly on "Constitutional Law Prof Blog" and "Turtle Talk."  Spread the word, tell your friends!

Tom Farr's congressional testimony about the International Religious Freedom Act

Tom Farr -- the first Director of the State Department's Office of International Religious Freedom testified before Congress the other day on the implementation of the 1998 International Religious Freedom Act.  It's bracing, and important, reading.  Here's a bit:

[T]he first question: why does the United States promote religious freedom in its foreign policy? Can it enhance our national security?

The most immediate answer is that in 1998 Congress passed the International
Religious Freedom Act
(IRFA) which mandated the initiative.  IRFA established a State Department office of international religious freedom, put a very senior diplomatic official (an ambassador at large) at its head, and created an independent U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom to provide separate policy recommendations and act as a watchdog. The law also encourages, but does not require, the use of foreign aid to advance religious freedom abroad.

But what’s the rationale for IRFA and the institutions and procedures it establishes? What do we hope to accomplish?

First and foremost, I believe that advancing religious freedom is simply the right thing to do. Unjust restrictions on religious individuals and groups, as well as violent religious persecution, have steadily worsened in recent years. The results have been catastrophic for many people and many societies.

Studies by the Pew Research Center demonstrate that, as of 2010, 75 percent of the world’s population lives in countries where religious freedom is severely restricted. That’s three-quarters of the world’s people. And there is no sign things are getting any better. 

Millions are vulnerable to violent abuse, such as torture, rape, “disappearance,” unjust imprisonment, and unjust execution, because of their religious beliefs and practices, or those of their tormentors. 

A copy of Farr's testimony is available here:  Download Farr testimony.