Mirror of Justice

A blog dedicated to the development of Catholic legal theory.
Affiliated with the Program on Church, State & Society at Notre Dame Law School.

Sunday, October 9, 2005

The Philadelphia Archdiocese's response

Here is the "Response to the Grand Jury Report" of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia.  Prof. Marci Hamilton, the constitutional-law advisor to the grand jury, has this to say about the response:

The Archdiocese's "response" to the report should be subtitled, "It's All About Us." Setting aside the throw-away opening and closing paragraphs, its 60+ pages continues the callous disregard of children that has been repeatedly evident since this controversy began.

Unbelievably, the Archdiocese's repeatedly tries to make it sound as though the lack of indictments absolves it of criminal and moral responsibility. But the truth is, they got off on a technicality. . . .

I have not read the grand jury's report.  I have reviewed, though, the Archdiocese's response, and do not share -- at least, not yet -- Professor Hamilton's dim view of it.  What's more, the response raises, in my mind, serious concerns about the extent to which the grand jury appears to have gone beyond the investigation of unlawful (and inexcusable) abuse, to matters of religious doctrine.  According to the response:

Members of the hierarchy of the Archdiocese were pursued relentlessly on subjects that were both irrelevant to the sexual abuse of minors and impinged on religious liberties of the Catholic Church, as protected by the First Amendment. These included areas of doctrine, formation of priests, discussions which took place among meetings of Bishops of the United States, and relationships between Cardinals and the Pope. So wide ranging, irrelevant, intrusive and offensive were the questions that counsel for Cardinal Bevilacqua twice sought to terminate his interrogation.

The response also insists:

The report is a lop-sided piece produced after a 40-month discriminatory investigation of the Archdiocese. It reflects what was a destructive process of colossal proportions aimed not at seeking answers, analyzing information or designing remedies. No –the direction from the very outset was one of exceptional hostility driven by fixed opinions, unbridled cage rattling and insidious pre-judgments about the Catholic Church. The proceedings culminated in a vile, mean-spirited diatribe against the Church and the Archdiocese.  [fn:  The insidious tone and negative assumptions made about the Catholic Church are reminiscent of the days of rampant Know-Nothingism in the 1840’s in Philadelphia and elsewhere in the Northeast. . . .]  While the grand jury in concept was instituted historically as a shield against the monarchical abuse of power, it was used here as a sword to attack the Church and its leaders. No one will ever know what exculpatory information was provided but not disclosed, what other information was available to the grand jury, or what other possibilities were left unexplored. The report just has no room for the voice of the accused Church.

Most disturbing is the manner in which the District Attorney’s Office levels outlandish accusations of “cover-up” and “concerted efforts to conceal” sexual abuse by priests. Although the report does not formally indict a single person, it seeks to “convict” in the court of public opinion the Archdiocese, two Archbishops, various members of the Church hierarchy over the past fifty (50) years, and countless other priests, religious, and lay persons of participating in an evil conspiracy to hide the sexual abuse of minors. As discussed in greater detail in this response, these charges – based upon half-truths, false assumptions, and innuendo – are categorically false.

Let there be no mistake. There is no excuse for the sexual abuse of children and young people. This Response does not seek to excuse what is inexcusable. The report prepared by the District Attorney’s Office, however, so offends traditional notions of fairness that the Archdiocese is compelled to publicly make this response. The report is rife with mistakes, unsupported inferences, and misguided conclusions.

I do not know the facts.  I do know enough, I think, to agree with those who have concluded that great evils were perpetuated by some priests, and that Church leaders and lawyers failed badly -- horribly -- in responding to those evils.  Still, I hope that everyone -- and, in particular, the media -- will read both the report and the reponse, and at least entertain, consider, and investigate the possibility that the Archdiocese was not treated fairly, the facts not reported accurately, or the religious freedom of the Church treated carefully, in this process.

Rick

Philadelphia, the Grand Jury, and Statutes of Limitation or Repose

I would like to offer an initial reflection on Mark's important post of earlier today. I have been thinking about the statute of limitations issue regarding sex abuse cases that involve the Church for some time. The tragedy that surrounds us is serious, I hasten to add. But one important issue to consider regarding the issue Mark has raised is this: if statutes of limitations are suspended/revoked for priests, bishops, and dioceses, then they will have to be suspended/revoked for the lawyers, doctors, counselors and therapists who advised bishops and religious superiors, etc. And then after this happens, all statutes of limitations and repose involving criminal and civil cases are open to suspension or revocation. Why? I would start of with the Equal Protection argument under the Constitution. If statutes of limitation or repose can be suspended in one type of case, equal protection would require the same in all cases. If not, there is no equal protection under the law. I found it interesting that Prof. Marci Hamilton, whose work has been the topic of previous posts on MOJ, served as a Constitutional law advisor to the DA on this investigation. As she said in her own posting, "I was asked by District Attorney Abraham to be the constitutional law advisor to the grand jury, and willingly assisted the Philadelphia investigation."   RJA sj

Saturday, October 8, 2005

The Philadelphia Report and the Statute of Limitations

Despite its massive weight of testimonial and documentary evidence, the Philadelphia Grand Jury Report could not order indictment of abusive priests because of the expiration of the statute of limitations. That problem also prevented indictment of diocesan officials on other legal grounds, such as endangerment of children. (There were other legal impediments to indicting the Archdiocese as well.) The statute of limitations has also frustrated civil suits in Pennysylvania, despite attempts to use the doctrine of fraudulent concealment. The release of the Grand jury Report has prompted calls for an ad hoc suspension of the statute of limitations for a set period of time, as was done in California. I'd be interested in my co-blogistas' and our readers' comments on that idea and on the California experience (along with relevant links.) One question: can the statute be suspended for both criminal prosecutions and civil actions? Is there any constitutional problem with the former?

--Mark

The Philadelphia Grand Jury Report

Mike Perry was kind enough to post the NCR article on the Philadelphia Grand Jury report on sexual abuse by priests in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. The report was more then 3 years in the making; the time lag left some of us in the Archdiocese hopeful that the Grand Jury was having trouble finding problems. To our sorrow, the result was the exact opposite, and the Report is devasting, both as to the high incidence of abuse and the tragic manner in which it was handled. While not exactlty nuanced or discriminating among different cases, the Report was profoundly disillusioning, as was the Archdioces's public reponses. Here at Villanova Law we will be holding a panel of reponses at a date to be announced, sometime in the next few weeks. The panelists will include Jim Post, a Villanova Law grad and one of the founders and the first national president of Voice of the Faithful, Chuck Zeck, who is a prof at our business school and the director of our new institute on church management, and yours truly. We will all be talking about the problem of accountability from our different perspectives; I'll also be talking about some of the legal issues. I'll post the date and other info when it I get it all worked out. All are welcome.

-Mark

CARDINAL BEVILACQUA AND THE PHILADELPHIA COVER-UP

National Catholic Reporter
October 7, 2005

Grand jury findings: Philadelphia cardinals 'excused and enabled abuse, covered up crimes'
By RALPH CIPRIANO

A grand jury that investigated the Philadelphia archdiocese for more than three years has concluded that two former archbishops orchestrated a systematic cover-up spanning four decades that managed to successfully shield from prosecution 63 priests who had sexually abused hundreds of children.

In a 418-page report issued Sept. 21, the grand jury said that the two archbishops -- the retired Cardinal Anthony Bevilacqua and the late Cardinal John Krol -- “excused and enabled the abuse” by “burying the reports they did receive and covering up the conduct ... to outlast any statutes of limitation.”

The Philadelphia grand jury used blunt language to describe the sex abuse uncovered during the investigation, which they said was often recorded by the archdiocese in more than 45,000 pages of documents from secret archdiocese archives with such “delicate euphemisms” as “inappropriate touching.”

“We mean rape,” the grand jury report said. “Boys who were raped orally, boys who were raped anally, girls who were raped vaginally.”

The church records, once kept under lock and key in a room at archdiocesean headquarters accessible only to the archbishop, the secretary for clergy and their aides, contained accusations of “countless acts of sexual depravity against children.” The cases involved a total of 169 priests and hundreds of alleged child victims. The records were turned over to Philadelphia District Attorney Lynne Abraham after multiple subpoenas were served on officials at the archdiocese. The grand jury chose to investigate the acts of 63 priests in their report.

The grand jury said its findings might be interpreted by some as a tragedy, such as a tidal wave. But the report said that tidal waves are “beyond human control,” and added, “What we found were not acts of God, but of men who acted in his name and defiled it.”

The report noted the behavior of archdiocesan officials who oversaw the priests was “not as lurid” as that of the sex abusers, “but in its callous calculating manner, the archdiocese’s handling of the abuse scandal was at least as immoral as the abuse itself.”

“What makes these allegations all the worse, the grand jurors believe, is that the abuses that Cardinal Bevilacqua and his aides allowed children to suffer -- the molestations, the rapes, the lifelong shame and despair ... were made possible by purposeful decisions, carefully implemented policies, and calculated indifference,” the report said.

“The evidence before us established that archdiocese officials at the highest levels received reports of abuse,” the report said. The diocese, according to report, “chose not to conduct any meaningful investigation of those reports” and “left dangerous priests in place or transferred them to different parishes as a means of concealment. ... They chose to protect themselves from scandal and liability rather than protect children from the priests’ crimes.”

[To read the rest of this disturbing article, click here.]
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mp

Can a "Human rights event" be "religion free"? A response

Thanks to Rick for his posting on human rights. A quick look at the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and various juridical instruments regarding human rights will confirm the existence of the right of religious belief and the protections that should be accorded to people of religious belief. Sadly, some proponents of "human rights" today do not seem to agree. I recently looked at a message posted by Barry Lynn on the Americans United for Separation etc. His editorial remarks concerned the actions of a young woman who stood outside of a building (a church, I believe) where a religious group was gathering to discuss public policy issues. She held a sign that read "Honk if you are for separation." Rev. Lynn commented on how wonderful she and her actions were. One implication of his essay was that she had a right to protest a religious gathering and to do so in a public place. However, he seemed to question the rights of those gathered inside the church to assemble. We have been blessed to live in interesting times.   RJA sj

Friday, October 7, 2005

No Flat Ban on Gays, NCR Reports

John Allen of the National Catholic Reporter reports:

A forthcoming Vatican document on homosexuals in seminaries will not demand an absolute ban, a senior Vatican official told NCR Oct. 7, but will insist that seminary officials exercise "prudential judgment" that gay candidates should not be admitted in three cases.

The three cases, and the rest of the story, here.

Tom

WHO SHOULD BUSH HAVE NOMINATED?

For one outstanding choice, click here.
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mp

Harriet Miers and the Faith Card

Joe Gandelman flags a WaPo article suggesting that the White House's new strategy for salvaging Harriet Miers' SCOTUS nomination will be to play the faith card:

... the White House plans to regain the upper hand by focusing on the nominee's conversion to evangelical Christianity.

"Conservatives love a fight with liberals," the strategist said. "And one of the things liberals are scared to death of is organized religion. And Harriet Miers is a born-again Christian. When liberal groups and others begin to read about her affirming the Texas sodomy law, contributing to pro-life groups and her religious faith, they're going to go crazy. It's already happening now."

A couple of thoughts. First, judges are supposed to decide cases based on the law not their religious beliefs, a point that figured prominently in the extended debate over on my personal blog with David Giacalone over the Roberts nomination. As I observed earlier in commenting on Miers' reputation for being a "pit bull in size 6 shoes":

If confirmed, Miers' job therefore will require her to set aside her "very strong views of what's right and wrong" in favor of those moral norms and policies that have sufficient social support - or, in the case of constitutional and statutory interpretation, those norms and policies reflected in the texts and the intent of their drafters - to be legitimate grist for the judicial mill.

That holds true whether her "very strong views" are based on secular or religious reasoning. Hence, the White House's strategy represents a fundamental misunderstanding of the judicial role. Indeed, as Rev. Patrick Mahoney pointed out today, the White House strategy is inconsistent with the tack many conservatives took during the Roberts nomination:

The Constitution makes it clear that there shall be no religious litmus test for any person seeking public office. The faith community worked diligently during the confirmation of Chief Justice John Roberts to ensure his Catholic faith did not become an issue during the process. It is both troubling and hypocritical for the supporters of Harriet Miers to promote her strong evangelical faith to garner support among religious conservatives. You cannot it have both ways. Groups and leaders cannot say religion is off limits during the Roberts confirmation and then promote religion during the Miers confirmation for the sole purpose of political gain.

(Actually, as readers who have been with me since the Roberts nomination know, I didn't think Roberts' faith was completely off-limits, but still I take the Reverend's point.)

Finally, as a former evangelical who converted to Catholicism, I worry that those playing the faith card here will open old wounds between our two branches of Christianity. As Andrew Sullivan observes:

DOBSON AND CATHOLICISM: Here's an interesting remark: "I know the person who brought her to the Lord. I have talked at length to people that know her and have known her for a long time." That's James Dobson, talking about Harriet Miers' conversion to evangelical Protestantism from Catholicism. Isn't he implying that baptized Catholics have not been "brought to the Lord"? Just asking.

There is still an element in the evangelical community that firm believes Catholics are not Christians. (Jack Chick is just the worst of the lot.) The promising theological and political rapprochement between some evangelicals and some Catholics is still quite tenuous. If the people playing the faith card to get Miers confirmed aren't careful, they could do grave damage to the Evangelicals and Catholics Together project and even the Republican coalition. It was, after all, us weekly Mass attending Catholics who elected George Bush in 2004.

Evangelicals and the Environment

Here's an intriguing interview with evangelical leader Richard Cizik on the importance of environmental protection to a biblical worldview.  (HT: Evangelical Outpost)

Rob